IMPROVING ADOPTION RATES FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN INDIA

Abstract

Despite improved legal frameworks and administrative reforms, adoption rates of children with special needs remain remarkably low in India. Due to social stigma, parental bias, procedural delays, and inadequate post-adoption support mechanisms, a significant percentage of children who are legally cleared for adoption are classified as having special needs; yet, extended institutional care continues. The legal and institutional framework governing special needs adoption in India is examined doctrinally and analytically in this paper, with special attention to the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 and the Central Adoption Resource Authority's (CARA) regulatory function. The study conducts a critical analysis of structural impediments, such as the lack of comprehensive welfare safeguards for adoptive families, the lack of informed counselling for prospective adoptive parents, societal attitudes of disability, and resource limitations within child care institutions. It also assesses new policy efforts like the foster-to-adopt model, digital integration via the CARINGS site, the creation of the CARA Identification Cell, and special needs adoption prioritisation standards. The study emphasises the value of organised counselling, financial aid, and intersectoral cooperation in enhancing adoption outcomes through a few chosen case studies and secondary data. In order to improve post-adoption support, expedite processes, and encourage inclusive adoption practices, the report ends with specific legislative and policy reforms. It highlights that promoting child rights, social justice, and the constitutional mandate of equality and dignity all depend on making adoption for kids with exceptional needs easier.